There are three types of operators that can be used in programs:

Mathematical Operators

Mathematical operators work on two numbers and return a number.

In these examples, assume A is 3 and B is 4.

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`+`	Addition	`A + B`	Variable `A` and `B` are added. The result is 7.
`-`	Subtraction	`A - B`	Variable `B` is subtracted from `A`. The result is -1.
`*`	Multiplication	`A * B`	Variable `A` and `B` are multiplied. The result is 12.
`/`	Division	`A / B`	Variable `A` is divided by `B`. The result is 0.75.
`%`	Remainder	`A % B`	Indicates the remainder from the division of `A` with `B`. The result is 3.

In JavaScript ES5, all numbers are treated as 64-bit floating-point numbers. The BigInt type is not currently supported.

JavaScript ES5 does not have an operator for exponentiation. Instead, use the Math.pow function. For example, Math.pow(2, 3) returns 8 (2 raised to the power of 3).

Logical Operators

Logical Operators take in Boolean values and output another Boolean value.

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`&&`	Logical AND	`A && B`	If value in variables `A` and `B` are true, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`\|\|`	Logical OR	`A \|\| B`	If value in variables `A` or `B` are true, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`!`	Logical NOT	`!A`	Returns the logical inverse. If A evaluates to `true`, the result is `false`. If A evaluates to `false`, the result is `true`.

Note: If the input expressions are not Boolean, they will be converted into a Boolean value. In JavaScript, there are 6 values that are evaluated as false:

false
undefined
null
Nan (Not a Number)
0
"" (empty string)

All other values are evaluated as true.

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two expressions and return true if the comparison is true, and false otherwise.

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`<`	Less than	`A < B`	If `A` is less than `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`>`	Greater than	`A > B`	If `A` is greater than `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`<=` or `=<`	Less than or equal to	`A <= B`	If `A` is smaller than or equal to `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`>=` or `=>`	Greater than or equal to	`A >= B`	If `A` is greater than or equal to `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`==`	Equal to	`A == B`	If `A` is equal to `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0. Note that types are not checked, so for example `1 == "1"` evaluates to `true`.
`===`	Instance of	`A === B`	If `A` is equal to `B`, and both expressions have the same type, the result is 1. Otherwise, the result is 0. `1 === "1"` evaluates to `false`.
`!=`	Is not equal to	`A != B`	If `A` is not equal to `B`, the result is 1. In other cases, the result is 0.
`in`	In	`A in B`	If there is an instance of `A` in `B`, returns `true`, otherwise `false`. Example: `7 in [1, 3, 5, 7]` returns `true`.

Assignment Operators

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`=`	Assignment	`A = B`	Stores the value in variable `B` to variable `A`.
`+=`	Addition assignment	`A += 10`	Stores the value `A + 10` to A. Equivalent to `A = A + 10`.
`-=`	Subtraction assignment	`A -= 10`	Stores the value `A - 10` to A. Equivalent to `A = A - 10`.
`++`	Increment Operator	`A++`	Adds 1 to the value of `A` and stores the value to `A`. Equivalent to `A = A + 1`
`--`	Decrement Operator	`A--`	Subtracts 1 from the value of `A` and stores the value to `A`. Equivalent to `A = A - 1`

The assignment operator = can be used consecutively, as shown below:

A = B = C;

In this case, the value of A and B will be set to the value of C. In other words, the value on the rightmost side of the operator will be used to set the value of the variables on the left. The example mentioned above will be processed internally in the program as shown below:

B ← C

A ← B

Bitwise Operators

A bitwise operator acts on the bit representation of a variable.

All Bitwise operators are performed by converting the inputs into 32-bit signed integer. The result will be converted back into a 64-bit floating-point number.

In the table below, the calculation result assumes that variable A is 3 (0000 0000 0000 0011), and that variable B is 4 (0000 0000 0000 0100).

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`~`	Bitwise invert	`~ A`	Each bit of `A` (0000 0000 0000 0011) is inverted. The result is (1111 1111 1111 1100).
`%`	Remainder	`A % B`	Indicates the remainder from the division of `A` with `B`. The result is 3.
`&`	Bitwise AND	`A & B`	Bitwise logical AND calculation of `A` and `B`. The result is 0.
`\|`	Bitwise OR	`A \| B`	Bitwise logical OR calculation of `A` and `B`. The result is 0111 (7).
`^`	Bitwise XOR	`A ^ B`	Bitwise logical XOR calculation of `A` and `B`. The result is 0111 (7).
`<<`	Bitwise Shift Left	`A << B`	Shifts the bits of `A` to the left by `B` bits. Fills using 0.
`>>`	Bitwise Shift Right (Signed)	`A >> B`	Shifts the bits of `A` to the right by `B` bits. Fills using a copy of the leftmost bit.
`>>>`	Bitwise Shift Right (Zero Filling)	`A >>> B`	Shifts the bits of `A` to the by `B` bits. Fills using 0.

Special Operators

The following operators do not fit neatly into the above categories.

Operator	Function	Example	Description
`typeof`	Check Type	`typeof A`	Returns a string indicating the type of the specified variable or expression. Possible return values include “string”, “number”, “boolean”, “object”, “function”, “null”, and “undefined”.
`void`	Void	`void A`	Evaluates the specified expression but uses `undefined` as the value. This can be used for anonymous function calls. For example: void function foo() { notification.send("in foo"); }(); This will execute the function `foo` without adding `foo` to the namespace. Thus, if you try to use `foo` after line 3, an error will be thrown.
`new`	New Instance	`new Date()`	Used to get a new instance of a user-defined object or one of the built-in object types like `Date` or `Array`. In JavaScript ES5, this can be used to create user-defined classes without using the `class` keyword. In the example below, we define a class `Student` using a constructor function. Then we create an instance of this class and store it to the variable `jim`. function Student(name, id, age) { this.name = name; this.id = id; this.age = age; } var jim = new Student("Jim", 123456, 18); notification.send(JSON.stringify(jim)); `new` is often used with the built-in `Date` type to get the current day, year, etc. var currentTime = new Date(); var year = currentTime.getFullYear();

13.1.4 Operators